Loops and Control Flow

while Loop

A while loop repeats as long as the condition is true. Used when the number of iterations isn’t known in advance.

Basic Structure:

while (condition) {
    // code block
}

do-while Loop

A do...while loop always executes at least once. Condition is checked after the block.

Basic Structure:

do {
    // code block
} while (condition);

for Loop

The for loop is compact and ideal when the number of iterations is known.

Basic Structure:

for (initialization; condition; update) {
    // code block
}

break Statement

Use break to exit a loop early

continue Statement

Use continue to skip the rest of the current loop iteration and continue with the next.

Nested Loops

A loop inside another loop is useful for iterating over 2D structures like grids or matrices.

User-Controlled Termination

You can allow a user to stop a loop using input. For example, loop until they enter -1.

Practice Question

What will this print?

0123

0124

1234

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