C Conditionals

if Statement

Executes a block of code only if a given condition is true.

The if statement in C is used to test a condition. If the condition evaluates to true (non-zero), the code inside the block runs. Otherwise, it is skipped.

Basic Structure

if (condition) {
          // code to execute if condition is true
      }

Output:

else Statement

If the condition in if is false, else will run.

Output:

else if Chain

Used to evaluate multiple conditions in order.

Output:

Nested Conditionals

You can nest one if or else block inside another.

Output:

Truthy Values

C uses integers for condition evaluation:

0 → false
non-zero → true

Output:

Common Mistakes

❌ Using = instead of == in comparisons
❌ Forgetting braces when multiple statements are grouped

Output:

Fix: Use if (x == 10)

switch Statement

The switch statement compares a variable against several constant values. Each case should end in break to prevent fall-through.

Output:

if vs switch

When deciding between if and switch:

if / else if	switch
Works with ranges and complex conditions	Only works with constant discrete values (e.g. int, char)
More flexible	More efficient for multiple exact matches
Supports expressions like `x > 5`	No support for expressions, just equality

Practice Question

What will this print?

A. A

B. B

C. C

Output:

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C Conditionals

if Statement

Basic Structure

else Statement

else if Chain

Nested Conditionals

Truthy Values

Common Mistakes

switch Statement

if vs switch

Practice Question

Need Help?